Code-Switching and linking the margins Free Essays

Envision for a second that all the Anglo-Saxon world’s artistic characters were arranged individually sequentially. We start off with Chaucer’s characters and move our way up to Wilde’s dandies, and afterward up to Marlow who is encircled out of sight by a couple tribesmen in the Congo, and afterward out of nowhere we have Mr. Biswas. We will compose a custom article test on Code-Switching and connecting the edges or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Generally Colonialist writing has contained Caucasian characters as their middle with the incorporation of some far off races as help. The subjects of expansionism were banned section to the special universe of Colonial writing by their failure to adjust to Colonialist’s social practices; their appearance of culture both in language and exceptionally didn't meet with the rigid and bigot codes required for writing. V.S. Naipaul, who was initially relegated to the classification of â€Å"commonwealth writer,† by the British press, has figured out how to put the subjects of Anglo-Saxon’s expansionism, into a similar group with their oppressors. Marlow, obfuscating his way up the waterway, presently sits nearby Mr. Biswas who reviles in his Creole English battling to take care of obligation. In contrast to Mr. Biswas, Naipaul’s own composing is frequently saturated with the vernacular of his Oxford instruction, yet he reliably records the breaks with pioneer linguistic standards through broad code-exchanging making low-station Indian Christian proselytes into scholarly structures as open as the characters found in other sanctioned Western abstract writings. Naipaul’s utilization of â€Å"variable orthography to make lingo more accessible,†(Empire 41) in code-exchanging takes individuals underestimated by colonialism’s domineering procedures and renders them in the inside as artistic subjects. This procedure liberates the voices of Naipaul’s epic which have been quieted by provincial emphasis on appropriate punctuation in correspondence and the truth of their remoteness geologically. For example, The novel’s hero, Mr. Biswas, imparts in an English that frequently articulates action words as the beginnings of sentences, for example, when he says, â€Å"†Feel how the vehicle sitting pleasant out and about? Feel it, Anand? Savi?† (Naipaul 278) or â€Å"Is the kind of spot you could manufacture up.† (Naipaul 138). Not actually the language of Shakespeare, however Mr. Biswas is an artistic character included in Naipaul’s own imaginative and colonialist language. By hanging Biswas in syntactically flawless sentences, Naipaul has figured out how to break class bearers invalidating the situation of colonialist characters as seconds as they are in Conrad, yet keeping up an account voice that overcomes any issues among subject and ruler. Mr. Biswas doesn’t communicate in the language of fine writing, yet his talking, â€Å"refutes the favored situation of a standard code in the language.†(Empire 40). Biswas is communicating in a Creole that inclines toward the verbal situations of Bengali, he is declining to embrace the perspectives remembered for legitimate English language structure. Naipaul’s utilization of code-exchanging permits Mr. Biswas’ articulations to be set in sanctioned writing and by expansions it reveals insight into social otherness, Mr. Biswas doesn't think in the correct types of frontier English, he despite everything heaves musings like a legitimate Brahmin just utilizing English as his structure. Biswas’ colloquialisms uncover a social otherness that English can’t express, thinking as far as action words first or his steady invalidation of articles, for example, â€Å"a† and â€Å"the,† are for the most part markers of the way of life that lies underneath his discourse, however which English can't expose. The most effective method to refer to Code-Switching and connecting the edges, Papers

Organizational Design and Change The Key Propositions

Question: Depict about the Organizational Design and Change for The Key Propositions. Answer: 1. The pertinent ideas identified with change the board comprises of the key recommendations, which remembers the achievement of present day associations for coordinating of the interior capacities and the current assets alongside the requests from the outer condition. The ideas likewise run from the prerequisite is required from the turn of events and support of the methodology of building up the association. It has been additionally seen that the associations will in general acknowledge the assigned strategy for doing a business, which is both problematic and gradual in nature. The various classes of outside impact can be broadly used to invite the partners (Gollenia 2016). It has been additionally broke down that there is no single technique for actualizing the compelling change and with each circumstance the incentive for directing the structure changes. The task rundown has additionally given the subtleties expressing that the greater part of the change activities required propo rtionate change, which are planned according to the associations exercises. A positive relationship is famous if there should be an occurrence of the level of partner and the association in the structure and the change procedure for a definitive accomplishment of any business association. It tends to be additionally expressed that the execution of the change ranges from fluctuated scope of unsurprising and erratic clashes, which goes about as a protection from change (Cameron and Green 2015). During the hour of thinking about with the structure and usage of the significant change process, it has been seen that the huge firms prepare their HR in the job of essential change operator and the expertise base customarily require the inclusion of HR practice. The various kinds of progress process are additionally observed to recognize the nonstop and past procedure of the change. The key ideas of the utilization of the change procedure have been found as far as the association Cloud Plus (Hayes 2014). So as to make suggestion for the legitimacy of the announcement the fundamental standards are the parameters for the change the board procedure has been concentrated as far as improved offer in the clients point of view, utilization of the idea of continuous change and complementary procedure. The organization has additionally contemplated the change procedure with the dedication of progressing, corresponding and corporate way of thinking through a progression of exclusively oversaw ventures. The change the executives forms in itself a dedication for persistent improvement and henceforth it is nonnegotiable component of any association. The hierarchical way of thinking this includes the essential targets that the association is eager to apply for fulfilling the changing needs of the outer condition (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The mean and capacity of cloud in addition to has been found regarding income development of $ 4.47 million in the year 2016 and it is positioned as the eighth little and medium ventures situated in Australia (Cloudplus.com. 2016).The primary change the executives is found in type of the creative stockpiling arrangement gave by the organization. It isn't just gives consistent access of information yet additionally guarantees that the distributed storage is totally private in nature. This type of use of progress the board procedure has guaranteed that the customer gets 24x7 checking of the information and 100% uptime ensure alongside all out straightforwardness and control. Thus, it is considered as one of the brilliant organizations which is executed the change the board procedure (Smartcompany.com.au.2016). Reference List Cameron, E. furthermore, Green, M., 2015.Making feeling of progress the board: a total manual for the models, instruments and strategies of authoritative change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cloudplus.com. (2016).Cloud Plus gives profoundly incorporated private cloud arrangements in Australia and New Zealand. [online] Available at: https://cloudplus.com/[Accessed 9 Dec. 2016]. Goetsch, D.L. also, Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality administration for authoritative greatness. pearson. Gollenia, L.A., 2016.Business Transformation Management Methodology. Routledge. Hayes, J., 2014.The hypothesis and practice of progress the board. Palgrave Macmillan. Smartcompany.com.au. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.smartcompany.com.au/smart50-grants 2015/page/6/[Accessed 9 Dec. 2016].

Tuesdays with Menorah, eek!

Tuesdays with Menorah, eek! Yo, some people had some questions on the last entry and I answered them in a comment. Be fruitful and check it out. Another question you might have, probably if youre Jewish, is about Hillel at MIT. Let me tell you, Hillel is very active at MIT. They wouldnt stop writing, calling, and e-mailing me for my first year at MIT. It all started when I got a Hillel pin in with my admission envelope, with Hebrew letters that roughly translated into M.I.T. Then I got a dreidel and geld for Hanukkah and some kind of delicious Kosher jelly candy for passover, both stuffed into my dorm mailbox freshman year. Along the way, Ive also gotten e-mails describing their kosher chili cookoffs, invitations to the sukkah they set up in Kresge Oval every year, and an apologetic e-mail from an abdicating president describing his inability to run Hillel any longer with his busy schedule. Oh, Im not Jewish. My sophomore year they called me up on my dormitory phone and asked me if I would like to go to service for Rosh Hashanah with them. As politely as I could, I told them that although I had really appreciated their hospitality and everything over the past year, I really had no intention of ever being Jewish while I during my time at MIT and Id rather they took me off their calling list from now on. They very nicely obliged. Still, I received my all-time favorite e-mail from Hillel after this incident. In short, I was invited to a Jew-au on Ice in the middle of February. Youd think it would be hard to combine a Hawaiian-themed party with an indoor ice skating rink, but Hillel found a way. I dont remember whether or not this was the same one where we were supposed to vote on slogans advertising a party thrown by Hillel, but I do remember the slogans that we were supposed to vote on: From the window to the Western Wall! Next beer in Jerusalem! Lets party like its 1948! Its getting hot in here so immigrate [sic] to Israel with all your clothes! I, uh, hope I havent come off as insensitive thus far in the entry. Really, I cant think of any student organization at MIT that works harder than Hillel to advertise their events. Actually, yes I can. But only one. So, if youre looking at schools and the presence of Hillel on campus factors into your decision at all, rest assured that youll be set at MIT. Anyway, the reason I bring this up is that I got to learn about Hanukkah this week and Im very excited! If memory serves me correctly, it was Tuesday night that I headed over to my beloved high school friend Shanas house with no plans at all, really, in mind. We ended up watching The Princess Bride, which Ive made reference to about a dozen times on this blog but had never actually seen until then. Let me say, it lived up to all the hype I have heard from every other person on the face of the Earth about it. Anyway, after the end of the movie, I learned that Shanas family had not yet celebrated the third night of Hanukkah. So, I stood there thoughtfully while the family sang something beautiful and in Hebrew, watched their dog, Ruby, open her third-night-of-Hanukkah present, and then found out that I was going to be lighting the candles on one of their menorahs. Oh no! Im afraid of fire! Now, youre surely asking, Can you really be pyrophobic, Sam? Dont you go to MIT? Dont they set things on fire all the time there? The answers are yes, yes and yes. In fact, my fear of fire was a major hindrance in science olympiad my junior year of high school. We took part in a polymer identification competition where you were supposed to identify the composition of some polymer (HDPE or PVC or something) by its thermal decomposition. While the instructions specifically said that students were NOT to burn the polymers on their own, apparently they were really busy at Dickinson that day, so they just threw down like 10 polymer samples and a cigarette lighter and told us to start identifying. Now, neither my partner Jacob nor I had ever used a lighter, and I was really afraid because your hand has to get really close to the flame, so I kind of told him how I thought it was done in theory and made him do it. Later he asked his mother to show him how to use a lighter. She refused. But I digress. After the lighting of the candles, during which I barely avoided setting a placemat on fire, Shanas Mom rewarded me with a duck-shaped bubble wand for my valor. Now, another thing I had never done was play dreidel, so we decided it was time to continue my education in Judaism, although neither Shana nor her sister really likes dreidel at all. We started with this really big pile of cereal, and decided that since we had so many pieces, wed ante 1/3 of our pile instead of 1 piece and give 1/10 of our pile on shin rather than one piece. The problem with playing this way is that if you base all your gambling ona fraction, the game can never possibly end. Though I tried to help out by eating the pot every time I got gimel, it was no useafter 40 minutes, we decided it was time for something completely different. Or, well, not too muchI flipped through the classic Hershel and the Hannukah Goblins and learned about the goblin that loved pickles so much, he forgot to stop Hanukkah from occurring. My education completed, we headed over to a used bookstore warehouse which is totally a story for another entry. I then went home and perhaps cancelled out everything I had learned by eating a grilled ham and cheese sandwich made with the leftover Christmas ham. But look how well Sams Mom chops up the ham into bite-size pieces, assembles with extra cheese for cohesiveness, and then grills to a perfect golden brown how could I resist? Ill be in Dyke, VA for the next day or two. If I dont see you, have a happy new year, and GET YOUR APPLICATIONS IN OR ELSE. Thanks for reading this year! Its really been a blast blogging for the past year and I hope it continues to be so in the future. Remember, this blog is made possible by readers like you. Well, and Ben. Mostly by Ben. But youre important too! Coming soon: egg decorating, alligators, and hardcore baking.

The Thirteen Colonies Essay - 912 Words

Thirteen Colonies The thirteen colonies started in 1607, before this England tried to do a colony called Jamestown unfortunately it failed to become a colony. Later the king that had tried to start the Jamestown colony died, then in 1607 the new king and queen Elizabeth I decided to try again this time it worked the first colony was called Virginia and was named after Queen Elizabeth I. Virginia was not dominated by a specific religion they welcomed Baptists, Anglicans, and others. The thirteen colonies included Virginia, Delaware, New York, Massachusetts, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia. Before the colonies became states they had a few issues. They had a statement that said â€Å"no taxation without representation† this means that they believed that the parliament could not tax them and that only their own government could tax them. After the French and Indian war, the British had a really bad debt from the war and they were already having everyone in England pay enough so they decided that they were going to tax the colonists. The first thing they passed was a law called the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act taxed anything that was printed that included legal documents, bills of sale, calendars, pamphlets, contracts, ships papers, donations, diplomas, certificates (including marriage), Any kind of decelerations, official documents, advertisements in papers, licenses including liquor, playingShow MoreRelatedThe Thirteen Colonies2989 Words   |  12 Pages 13 English Colonies Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Maryland were the thirteen colonies all had a different reason to be a colony. The thirteen colonies were divided into three different areas. The middle colonies were Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. The southern colonies were Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. and the northernRead MoreThirteen Colonies and New England944 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER 3 Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619–1700 Focus Questions 1. What religious turmoil in the Old World resulted in the little colony of Plymouth in the New World? 2. Why was the initial and subsequent colonization of the Massachusetts Bay Colony more successful than Plymouth? 3. How did the colony of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony contribute to the origins of American independence and government? What were the contributions to American independence and government fromRead MoreThe Establishment Of The Original Thirteen British Colonies871 Words   |  4 PagesThe establishment of the original thirteen British colonies was not the first time that foreigners had reached the present-day powerhouse of a country, which is the United States of America. One example of Europeans in North America before the colonists was the French fur traders had frequently traded with the Native Americans. However, when the settlers arrived in the swamp studded marshes of James’ Town, which was the first colony, they must had been upset, as they were primarily after valuableRead MoreThe English Colonization And Settlement Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesNew World (North America) that would eventually end up with thirteen colonies for the English. How did the Englis h colonization and settlement in the Chesapeake and southern colonies differ from that in New England? What factors motivated people to settle in the different regions? What effect did the English Protestant Reformation in the mid-1500s have on the desire of Englishmen to migrate to the New World? [Hint: the New England colonies.] How did the desire for freedom of worship (religious freedom)Read MoreThe New Of Colonial America1119 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica was the era when America was made up of different colonies; in this case there were thirteen. Colonial America lasted from 1587 to 1770, 183 years long. As said before, there were thirteen colonies: four New England colonies, four Middle colonies, and five Southern colonies. The New England colonies were New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts, otherwise known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The four Middle colonies were New York, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.Read MoreThe British North American Colonies857 Words   |  4 Pageseventually forming the Thirteen Original Colonies. At first glance, the colonies were very much alike, as they had all kept their English culture and remained loyal to England. However, after closer inspection it was evident that many concrete differences existed between the colonies, specifically between the New England, Middle, and Southern colonial regions. Despite the colonies’ loyalty to England and their similar cultures, the Thirteen British North American Colonies had distinct differencesRead More Argument Analysis - Declaration of Independence Essay778 Words   |  4 PagesArgument Analysis - Declaration of Independence In May of 1776 a resolution was passed at the Virginia Convention in Williamsburg that asked the thirteen American colonies to declare the United Colonies free and independent from the British crown. At the second continental congress the resolution passed and on June 11, 1776 a five-man committee led by Thomas Jefferson was established to write the Declaration of Independence. On July 4, 1776 the members of the second continental congressRead MoreSouthern Colonies vs New England Colonies713 Words   |  3 Pagessome similarities between colonies. During the colonial time period from about the 1600’s through the 1700’s, the thirteen original colonies were founded and divided among three major sections known as the New England colonies, the Middle colonies, and the Southern colonies. The New England colonies consisted of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. The Middle colonies contained New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaw are. The Southern colonies included Virginia, MarylandRead MoreAmerican History : The American Revolution1484 Words   |  6 Pagescolonial feelings leading up to the American Revolution. When the thirteen colonies were founded in 1607, it forever changed America and the way the country is today. Through the reading in chapter six, one can see the rebellious patriot is most compelling as found in there. Further more, American identity also is evidence in the document through the Salutary Neglect. One of the major events of American history began from the thirteen colonies that were founded by Britain. In December 6, 1606, the VirginiaRead MoreThe Year Of 1776 By David Mccullough1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthat year. During this time, he explains how the colonies of North America decide to break away from England and the â€Å"absolute tyranny† of King George III. McCullough is unique by introducing people with major impact on the conflict of the revolution such as King George III and George Washington as well as a large selection of lesser known people that one would normally just grace over which included certain citizens who either worked in the colonies or was apart of the revolution. Interestingly, this

The Roles Minor Characters Have in Literature - 1613 Words

The success of literary works depends greatly on the quality of its characters, which is why it is essential to have characters, both major and minor, with distinct and contrasting personalities. Not only are minor characters used as foils for the major characters by emphasizing their important character traits, but in many cases they furthermore play a crucial role in the advancement of the plot. In the three novels that were examined this year, The Great Gatsby, The Kite Runner, and The Handmaids Tale, the minor character had a pivotal role in the development of the plot. In The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway is not only the narrator but he is the image of order in a society of disorder. In The Kite Runner, Rahim Khan is the moral center†¦show more content†¦At this point Rahim explains to Baba that â€Å"Children arent coloring books. You dont get to fill them with your favourite colors† (Hosseini 46) demonstrating his support for Amir’s aspirations. However Ra him Khan’s most significant role in the novel occurs in the very beginning when he calls Amir and says â€Å"There is a way to be good again (Hosseini 2) It isn’t until later in the novel that we realize that Rahim Khan had summoned Amir to Kabul to rescue Hassans son, Sohrab, from an orphanage and to ultimately redeem himself from past wrong doings. Rahim Khan also tells Amir about the relationship Baba had with Alis wife, Sanaubar and that Hassan was actually Babas son and therefore Hassan and Amir were half-brothers. Overall the impact Rahim Khan has on Amir’s life is equivalent to that of the relationship between my mother and I. Rahim Khan is undeniably a role model for Amir, much the same way in which my mother is a role model for me. Like Rahim, she appreciates my interests and encourages me to peruse my goals. The most important characteristic about my mother is that if I make a mistake she doesn’t just ‘give up’ on me. Instead she requests that I make it up somehow, much in the same way that Rahim Khan tells Amir how to redeem himself. Without the guidance and support I receive from my mom I know that my life would in fact be very different today. The character Moira fromShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald979 Words   |  4 PagesWilson a minor character in the novel who is also the mistress of Tom Buchanan, along with the person Daisy kills. Notably, Nick Carraway â€Å"feels a palpable repugnance for the Myrtle Wilsons of the world† (Voegeli). Set in 1922, Myrtle embodies the failure of the American Dream during the roaring twenties; furthermore, Myrtle and her husband George Wilson â€Å"preside over the valley of ashheaps† (Telgen), and George has a meager job working for Tom Buchanan. Because Fitzgerald develops the character MyrtleRead MoreMinor Characters Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1232 Words   |  5 PagesAny piece of literature would not be complete without the simple pairing of major characters and minor characters. Although major characters make up most of the storyline, minor characters support it and easily add to important elements of the story. This is evident throughout the novel, The Great Gatsby, written by F.Scott Fitzgerald. This novel has a narrator by the name of, Nick Carraway, and over the course of the novel, he learns about many other minor characters namely Dan Cody, Meyer WolfshiemRead MoreThe Death Of Ivan Ilych By Leo Tolstoy And Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis1103 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the course of this class we have discussed various works of art, music and literature. A central theme among some of the literature we read was how a minor character is often central to both the stories progression and conclusion. Of all the works of literature that we read this semester two works stand out because their plot is both driven by the central character, but also the effect the minor character has on both the central character and the overall plot, those works being â€Å"The DeathRead More Borachio in William Shakespeares Much Ado about Nothing Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesaccurate? Minor characters, by simple definiti on, are characters who do not play a major role in a work of literature. However, every character serves a purpose. Simply because a character does not have many lines or appear in many scenes does not mean that he does not play a major part in the development of the plot. One such character is Borachio in William Shakespeares Much Ado about Nothing. While Borachio appears in only six scenes, he is very important to the entire play. As a minor character, BorachioRead MoreEssay about Prospera, Thy Role Is Woman972 Words   |  4 Pagessurprisingly, requires only a few very minor line changes to substitute a woman lead for the original male role. While the actual dialogue changes are minor, the impact to the play is substantial as it totally transforms the duke and an audience’s prospective of the character. With very few exceptions, having a woman as the Duke of Milan in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, makes the duke more realistic and believable as well as an overall more sympathetic character. In the play, Prospero, the proper DukeRead More A Tale of Two Cities: Minor Characters Essay644 Words   |  3 Pages A Tale of Two Cities: Roles of Minor Characters Every story in the history of literature has one or more characters that are not as significant as other characters. Although these characters aren’t as important, they serve to advance the plot or are symbolically important. There are definitely numerous depictions of these characters in A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens. Two examples are Lucie Manette Darnay and Miss Pross. Both of these flat characters are important in the development ofRead MoreA Tale Of The American Dreamer1410 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Dreamer. In order to dive into the book, me must first know our important characters. Our first character is Mr. Francis Scott Fitzgerald himself. He is an eccentric body filled with whimsical and many key noted values. His age is varying upon the point we dive into the biography. (Authors note: Due to the fact the book is a timeline of his life.) Mr. Francis F. is quite a character, yet displayed a greater intelligence side we all saw. (On the contrary†¦.) He is also a well dressedRead More Antigone Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone Essay In any story or piece of literature, there will always be the main characters to fill the pages with incessant adventure. The characters whose names appear on almost every page and the characters whose actions the story revolves around. However, a story will also always have its minor characters. These are the characters that contribute heavily to the plot, yet arent mentioned quite as often and are underestimated regarding their importance in the story. In the Greek masterpieceRead MorePsychological Analysis: Arsats Behaviors and Thoughts in â€Å"the Lagoon†1748 Words   |  7 Pageshumans mind and behavior in different aspects. This kind of analysis uses characters in stories as representatives of human beings under circumstances motivating human to react mentally and physically. As characters in literary work reflects what in their minds through their actions and thoughts, analyzing literatures using psychological theory is a realistic and reasonable method. To understand motives of Arsats, a character in â€Å"The Lagoon† thoroughly, we need to analyse â€Å"The Lagoon† by applyingRead MoreLoves Destruction: Oedipus the King Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesLove’s Destruction Jocasta and Emilia, important minor characters in their plays, both showcase the power of love as well as how destructive it can be. Emilia and Jocasta both unknowingly end their own lives, as well as others, and spread tragedy throughout the towns in which they lived. It is believed that in 425 B.C., Sophocles first produced Oedipus the King (Theater of Sophocles). In the play, Oedipus the King, Jocasta is the main character, Oedipus’, mother and wife. Jocasta’s love for Oedipus

The Raven Tpcastt Free Essays

â€Å"The Raven† TPCASTT Title This poem could be about a multitude of things with the title Poe chose, but one thing that is clear is that it is about a Raven. Judging from Poe’s other works, it is likely about some kind of a rabid/demonic raven. Also, it is very likely that this Raven will torture someone in some unimaginable way that will destroy the person more so psychologically than physically. We will write a custom essay sample on The Raven Tpcastt or any similar topic only for you Order Now Paraphrase I was laying in my bedroom pondering life when I heard a knocking at my door. Maybe it is my dead wife Lenore. No, that can’t be it. It must just be someone coming by to visit me. I called down the hall apologizing for taking so long to answer the door, but no one was there. This really freaked me out, so I called for Lenore, but again, there was no answer. I heard the knocking again, maybe it’s my window. I will check so I can confirm it’s darkness and not anything more than that. When I opened up my window a raven came flying in and landed above my door. I decided to ask the raven his name, and his only response was â€Å"nevermore. I was really freaked out and amazed that there was a bird with the odd name of â€Å"nevermore. † The bird will for sure leave tomorrow, as everything else does. But the bird responded with â€Å"nevermore. † He must have just learned this word from a bitter owner or someone passing by. There is no way it can be speaking to me. So, I just sat back down in my bed to ponder this. Wow, he actually must be a gift from god. I have to ask him if I will ever forget Lenore. He responded with â€Å"nevermore. † If anything will the pain of Lenore’s death ever fade? But, the raven said â€Å"nevermore. † Will I ever be able to see my Lenore again, whether in this life or the afterlife? But, the raven said â€Å"nevermore. † Get out of my house Raven! Get out of my house and get your beak out of my heart. But, the raven said â€Å"nevermore. † The raven won’t leave and my soul will never be lifted and I’ll never be happy. Connotation This poem uses many poetic devices. The first, and possibly most important, is point of view. Poe uses first person because during the time period this was extremely scary material. And putting the readers directly into the narrator’s shoes did nothing but increase the fear factor. Also, unlike much literature of that time, Poe uses a lot of imagery to pull readers into story. Phrases such as â€Å"tapping on my chamber door† and describing the echo of his voice give you a sense of auditory imagery. He deeply describes the looks of everything in the house from the bird’s crest to the shadows being cast on the floor. Lastly, he takes advantage of the tactile sense by describing the bird’s beak digging into his heart. Attitude Poe had a very depressing attitude toward this whole poem. He wrote it while his wife was dying of tuberculosis, a disease that had plagued him his entire life. Also, during this time he was very poor and wasn’t having any success making it as a poet. He used this poem as a way to describe how the â€Å"demons† in the world felt toward him. He used sad and depressing language throughout the poem to really convey to the reader what he was feeling at the time. Also, he uses a techhnique where the poem starts off making the reader think it is going to be a happy poem where he is reunited with his dead wife and they all live happily ever after. But instead, he is disappointed by a bird that is constantly telling him he will never be able to achieve true happiness. Shifts In the poem there are some, but not many shifts. The primary shifts come at the beginning but then the poem almost stables out and stays fairly level. The poem starts off on a sense of boredom with him drifting off in his chair. Then there is a sense of excitement when there is a knocking at the door. Then it is hope and happiness that it could be Lenore. But then it goes back to boredom and almost curiosity when there is nothing but darkness at the door. He goes back to answer the window when he hears the knocking again which causes fear and excitement. When the bird flies in he is mostly scared and curious as to why the bird is there. There is next a sense of hope that this bird will be able to help him connect to his Lenore. From here on out it is almost nothing but anger at the bird as it refuses to say anything other than â€Å"nevermore,† and tells the narrator he is never going to be happy. Title After reading the poem my prediction was very close to correct. I did know that the bird would be torturing him. I didn’t think that it would be in any way like he did, but that part was correct. Also, the bird was supernatural. Other than that, the entire story line was very different than what I had initially expected. Theme The theme of this poem is that one’s own head can often be the cause of his misery or grief. The man continues to ask the bird questions when he knows exactly what the bird will say. It’s almost as though he had wanted to be upset and was intentionally doing this to himself. How to cite The Raven Tpcastt, Papers

The Taken Path free essay sample

As straight as my steps may seem; this life is a maze. It revolves around a series of influence, choices, direction, instinct and perspective. Before you’re 18, you don’t realize the decisions you make; every step you take, defines the very path your life will lead. These stages of life have been guided and protected.Often times these choices have lead me down a path that requires the same path to depart from, and retracing my steps proved inevitable. Sometimes these paths are walked for you, but not me. In making the wrong decisions, being deceived and fooled, you have to find your way back out; making the departure more difficult than the adventure perceived. When this path presents itself as a delta, canalling off with incredible alternatives, all doors are open and you will know someone intended this path for you and you alone. That is when the call you heard was the call you answered. We will write a custom essay sample on The Taken Path or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For it is the right way, green lights and nothing can set you back at this point but yourself. The choices you make here on out last for a lifetime. Believe it or not this path begins by leaving the comfort of the womb, and it is the significance of this moment that protects the path of this individual, knowing there is so much to lose when a new path begins. Throughout my life, many of these alternate routes have been crying for my attention. Many have been expelled from my presence and some were bright when in truth their darkness consumed me. I can honestly say I retraced these steps numerous times, finding myself trapped in the jaws of deceit, cruelty, vane and suffering; But 10 times out of 10, the light I found. I pried myself from the grasp of the insufferable, and came home to the place where my true intentions lie. Possibilities alone on those journeys are zero to none. Because of the people God placed in my life, I was able to defeat the odds, and come back with confidence, wisdom, strength, and courage. Without these trials, my life would not be a success, and the paths that are presented in my daily life would have t he advantage on me, and my vulnerability could not come to terms with who I am. The path that embraces me with grace and open arms is the heart of my existence here today. Because of the treacherous, winding path that shielded my eyes from light, seeing nothing but shadow, this path I now walk with faith envisions an unstoppable potential that calls my name and mine alone. I can see the wind blowing the tall strands of creation along an open field, touching mystery and solution on a mind-blowing level. This is what I see, this is where I have been, this is what I have become, and like me†¦ you will see the destination when you have arrived.

Ocean Currents

Ocean Currents Ocean currents are the routed movements of oceanic water which are constantly flowing within the ocean or on the ocean surface. An ocean current is created by several forces and elements that act upon a unit mass of water in the ocean and such factors on an environmental scale include the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, wind, salinity levels, and the rotation of the earth, temperature and tidal waves. However, the two forces that create the most conducive conditions for a current to form are the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Currents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Physical factors such as the depth of the ocean, contact with other currents and the composition of the shoreline will determine a currents course and potency. Ocean currents are known to surge for great distances and the gravitational centrifugal pull of great currents round the earth has a pivotal role in influencing the global climate especially of islands and coastal regions. It is well know that the California Current makes the weather of the Island of Hawaiian to be cooler as measure up to other regions which are situated at the same latitude, the current is a tropical one leading to the sub-tropical climate of the islands. Ocean currents also determine the marine life of a region because they play a major role in determining the salinity of the water. Currents can carry a large volume of highly saline water for great distances and the marine life of the region where the water gets deposited can significantly be altered. There are different currents are flowing at different levels in the ocean and it is possible for two or more currents to flow through a single region simultaneously but at different levels. There are generally two types of ocean currents depending on the water level where the movement of oceanic water takes place and they are the deep ocean currents and the surface ocean currents. Deep ocean currents are mainly caused by the fluctuation in the mass of water and by gravitational forces acting in the deeper parts of the ocean usually below three thousand feet. Variation in temperature and the salinity levels of the water cause a change in the mass and volume of water leading to deep ocean currents. A submarine river is another term which is used to refer to deep water currents basically because the currents occur in the lower levels of the ocean. The deep ocean currents carry large volumes of water which flow the greatest distances leading to thermohaline circulation. The submarine rivers are at times responsible for transferring deep water plankton and marine life from one part of the ocean to another and also cause the vertical movement of water in the upwelling and down welling parts in the oceans.Advertising Looking for essay on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, surface ocean currents take place on the upper levels of the ocean and are commonly caused by air currents acting on the ocean’s surface. Surface currents are composed of about ten percent of the total water volume in the ocean and are usually limited to the upper one thousand three hundred feet of the ocean. Surface currents form the Ekman spiral effect which is the circular movement of ocean surface water at a given tangent relative to the prevailing air currents. The Ekman spiral effect is usually in a clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere and in a counter-clockwise spiral in the southern hemisphere due the alternate air movements inflicted. However, the Indian Ocean does not follow this rule due to the strong torrential rains and the atmospheric system in northern region of the ocean which alters its trend twice every year. The southwest torrential rain which occurs off the coast of Somalia is caused by the Great Whirl, which is a stro ng current which has a circular motion. The currents on the ocean basin surface are normally asymmetric with the eastern currents flowing towards the equator and the western currents flowing towards the North and South poles. Such currents are majorly influenced by gravity, with the eastern currents flowing in separate extensive currents whereas the western currents for instance the Gulf Stream are relatively contracted. Deep water current movement patterns are formed through a complex process which begins with the freezing of the water in the ocean. Once the water is frozen, the salt in the ocean water is also condensed in the freezing process and this leads to the creation of a layer of cold salt concentrated water which forms near the surface of the water where freezing generally takes place. The brine then gradually sinks because of the density difference, brine being denser than the water below. The salt concentrated water is more viscous which makes it become denser than the water around it. Consequently, the gelatinous salty liquid sinks, leaving the surface levels of the ocean and will only settle when it gets to a region in the ocean where it bears an equal density to the surrounding ocean water. This process is very prominent in the Greenland and Labrador Seas that are located in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Weddell and Ross Seas in the Southern Hemisphere. Similar to surface currents, most of the current movement takes place on the western sides of ocean basins except that deep ocean currents have their progression towards the north. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Currents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Surface currents flow in a succession of nearly circular gyres in the ocean basins. Most of the gyres are located in the western regions of the globe where the currents are contracted and carry large volumes of water for example the Gulf Stream, Agulhas and East Aust ralian Currents. The oceanic and atmospheric gyres help to move heat generated in the equatorial regions towards the poles. The polar movements of the ocean currents constitute the northward warm water current in the North Atlantic and in the North Pacific and the southward flow through the East Greenland and Labrador Currents. The surface currents that flow towards the equator move alongside the eastern edges of the gyres and are usually cooler than the currents that flow towards the poles located on the western margins. Air movement causes upwelling and provides the requisite wind stress towards the equatorial region moving water away from the coast and gravitational force pushes cooler subsurface water to replace the unoccupied water spaces. The Southern Ocean region experiences persistent westerly air movement leading to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, a constant circumglobal current which hinders the formation of gyres. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current allows for the inte gration water from different ocean basins making it the largest current on earth. Sverdrup (Sv), is the standard unit used to measure ocean currents with one Sv being equivalent to a volume flow rate of one million cubic meters per second. The equatorial region experiences little or no gyres and currents here are usually surface currents stirred by the trade winds that originate from the eastern regions of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The North and South Equatorial Currents which move toward the west are formed by trade winds which lead to an upwelling along the equator due to the movement of the southeast trade winds across the equator. Furthermore, the equatorial region does not incur Coriolis force which is potent even with a one degree shift north or south of the equator. The Doldrums region is formed in the equatorial region where the northern and southern currents border. The Doldrums region is generally permeable to the Equatorial Countercurrent wate r that flows back eastwards since the water would otherwise get concentrated on the western boundary allowing the doldrums region to act as an outlet. The velocity of the currents also varies, with the western currents moving faster than the eastern currents.Advertising Looking for essay on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marine life in the oceans is totally dependant on ocean currents for survival. Oxygen derived from the atmosphere is mixed with water through the flux of surface water like waves which are more or less generated by surface currents. For the oxygen to be delivered to the organisms, the oceanic currents and welling are needed to translocate the oxygen to all tiers of the ocean. Furthermore, marine victuals for instant phytoplankton which are minute organisms that are primary in the marine food chain are distributed in the ocean through the ocean currents. The organisms are usually caught in the currents and transported for great distances before being deposited in an ecosystem where they establish sustenance. Therefore ocean currents play an important role to both shallow and deep water organisms because they push food into the organisms’ environment. Surface organisms such as crabs are also reliant on the currents which carry microorganisms from the oceans and deposit them n ear the shores. In addition, currents provide inimitable signals in the life cycle of almost all marine organisms through transport of subtle chemical indicators. Turtles for instance migrate for long distances to mate and the precursor to their migration is the sensing of chemical triggers produced by sources that are more than a thousand miles away which are transported by ocean currents. Warm water used by marine life such as fish and turtles to incubate their eggs is deposited to the nesting grounds through ocean currents. Physical features such as lagoons are put together through the ocean currents which carry marine particles that are then deposited onto the lagoons leading to the expansion of the ecosystem. Due to the fact that ocean currents can move for great distances, they are also likely to spread out toxins in the oceans. For example, DDT which was a deadly insecticide was commonly used in America in the mid twentieth century. Through deltas, slight concentrations of the insecticide were moved to the ocean. The eventual consequence was that the product was found in penguins in both the north and south poles which had led to the thinning of the penguin egg shells. The only possible reason as to how the insecticide moved to such great distances is through ocean currents.

Bohr Model of the Atom - Overview and Examples

Bohr Model of the Atom s The Bohr Model has an atom consisting of a small, positively-charged nucleus orbited by negatively-charged electrons. Heres a closer look at the Bohr Model, which is sometimes called the Rutherford-Bohr Model. Overview of the Bohr Model Niels Bohr proposed the Bohr Model of the Atom in 1915. Because the Bohr Model is a modification of the earlier Rutherford Model, some people call Bohrs Model the Rutherford-Bohr Model. The modern model of the atom is based on quantum mechanics. The Bohr Model contains some errors, but it is important because it describes most of the accepted features of atomic theory without all of the high-level math of the modern version. Unlike earlier models, the Bohr Model explains the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen. The Bohr Model is a planetary model in which the negatively-charged electrons orbit a small, positively-charged nucleus similar to the planets orbiting the Sun (except that the orbits are not planar). The gravitational force of the solar system is mathematically akin to the Coulomb (electrical) force between the positively-charged nucleus and the negatively-charged electrons. Main Points of the Bohr Model Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy.The energy of the orbit is related to its size. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another. Bohr Model of Hydrogen The simplest example of the Bohr Model is for the hydrogen atom (Z 1) or for a hydrogen-like ion (Z 1), in which a negatively-charged electron orbits a small positively-charged nucleus. Electromagnetic energy will be absorbed or emitted if an electron moves from one orbit to another. Only certain electron orbits are permitted. The radius of the possible orbits increases as n2, where n is the principal quantum number. The 3 → 2 transition produces the first line of the Balmer series. For hydrogen (Z 1) this produces a photon having wavelength 656 nm (red light). Bohr Model for Heavier Atoms Heavier atoms contain more protons in the nucleus than the hydrogen atom. More electrons were required to cancel out the positive charge of all of these protons. Bohr believed each electron orbit could only hold a set number of electrons. Once the level was full, additional electrons would be bumped up to the next level. Thus, the Bohr model for heavier atoms described electron shells. The model explained some of the atomic properties of heavier atoms, which had never been reproduced before. For example, the shell model explained why atoms got smaller moving across a period (row) of the periodic table, even though they had more protons and electrons. It also explained why the noble gases were inert and why atoms on the left side of the periodic table attract electrons, while those on the right side lose them. However, the model assumed electrons in the shells didnt interact with each other and couldnt explain why electrons seemed to stack in an irregular manner. Problems with the Bohr Model It violates the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle because it considers electrons to have both a known radius and orbit.The Bohr Model provides an incorrect value for the ground state orbital angular momentum.It makes poor predictions regarding the spectra of larger atoms.It does not predict the relative intensities of spectral lines.The Bohr Model does not explain fine structure and hyperfine structure in spectral lines.It does not explain the Zeeman Effect. Refinements and Improvements to the Bohr Model The most prominent refinement to the Bohr model was the Sommerfeld model, which is sometimes called the Bohr-Sommerfeld model. In this model, electrons travel in elliptical orbits around the nucleus rather than in circular orbits. The Sommerfeld model was better at explaining atomic spectral effects, such the Stark effect in spectral line splitting. However, the model couldnt accommodate the magnetic quantum number. Ultimately, the Bohr model and models based upon it were replaced Wolfgang Paulis model based on quantum mechanics in 1925. That model was improved to produce the modern model, introduced by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926. Today, the behavior of the hydrogen atom is explained using wave mechanics to describe atomic orbitals. Sources Lakhtakia, Akhlesh; Salpeter, Edwin E. (1996). Models and Modelers of Hydrogen. American Journal of Physics. 65 (9): 933. Bibcode:1997AmJPh..65..933L. doi:10.1119/1.18691Linus Carl Pauling (1970). Chapter 5-1.  General Chemistry  (3rd ed.). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman Co. ISBN 0-486-65622-5.Niels Bohr (1913). On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part I (PDF). Philosophical Magazine. 26 (151): 1–24. doi:10.1080/14786441308634955Niels Bohr (1914). The spectra of helium and hydrogen. Nature. 92 (2295): 231–232. doi:10.1038/092231d0

The Thinker by Auguste Rodin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Thinker by Auguste Rodin - Essay Example One of them is Franois-Auguste-Ren Rodin, popularly known as Auguste Rodin. He was a French sculptor, an artist with a sharp eye. His arts echoed until these days. He fashioned his works meticulously and looked at the details. Thus he was honored as the leading sculptor of the late 19th and early 20th century. He combined and artistically manipulated his works with detailed textures and modeling associating the vast emotions of man. The following year he decided to delve into doing decorative stonework. And in 1862, her sister Marie died, which caused him great troubles and afflictions. He tried to enter the church but it was fate that brought him to met Rose Beuret in 1864 who became his life companion. Formally they were not joined by the matrimony of marriage until a few weeks before her death in February 1917; she was 53 years old then. The same year when he met Rose Beuret, he became an apprentice to the sculptor A.-E. Carrier-Belleuse. His first submission to the official Salon exhibition in 1864, The Man with the Broken Nose, was rejected. In 1871, he went with Carrier-Belleuse to work on decorations for public monuments in Brussels. Carrier-Belleuse was not satisfied with his work thus dismissing him. Soon, Rodin collaborated on the accomplishment of decorative bronzes, and Beuret joined him in Brussels. The rejection probably had made hi... Carrier-Belleuse was not satisfied with his work thus dismissing him. Soon, Rodin collaborated on the accomplishment of decorative bronzes, and Beuret joined him in Brussels. The rejection probably had made him to realize he needed to develop a style of his own. It was consummated after four years; he developed his own styles because he was urged to produce innovative and decorative works. In the midst of this innovation, He toured to five cities of Italy: Genoa, Florence, Rome, Naples, and Venice before returning to Brussels. Italy has been the cradle of Renaissance art. He saw the works of Michelangelo and Donatello, amazed with their works; he was inspired to create such fine works as Michelangelo and Donatello, bringing the emphasis on the muscle works and human emotions. He produced his first original work molded in bronze, The Vanquished, depicting painful expressions of a physically overpowered man seeking for rejuvenation. Scandals arose in his exhibition in Brussels and at the Paris Salon of The Age of Bronze in 1877. People did not believe that he made such realistic work and he was charged of casting it from a living person. His former master heard that he went back to Paris in 1879, Carrer-Belleuse asked him for designs. After much controversies and rejections, he was granted a payment and appointed to make a statue for the City Hall in Paris. He gained his reputation as a sculptor in 1880 with the success of his sculptures: The Age of Bronze and St. John the Baptist Preaching. The same year he modeled The Gates of Hell, the sculptured bronze door for the Muse des Arts Dcoratifs in Paris. The door incorporates scenes from The Inferno. It was made through the inspiration of Dante Alighieri's The

Assignment3 economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment3 economics - Essay Example When computed on an annual basis, CPI is seen to rise 4.8% during the entire year. Because of these developments in the economy, it is expected that the price of supplies and other miscellaneous expense incurred by the business organization also rises in accordance to the CPI. However, as the CPI measures only a common basket of commodity, the rise in expenditures might be bigger or smaller than CPI. Thus, the company's expenses in these goods can affect bottom line especially if prices are of our merchandise are held constant. It is therefore recommended that per unit price of merchandise increased in order to keep up with the rising expenditures. If not, net profit will fall and the company might be recording losses in the near future. The increase in the general price level is detrimental to the organization if unmatched by subsequent hike in our merchandise prices. Unemployment rate represents the percentage of unemployed individuals in an economy compared to the total labor force. In order to understand this term, it is essential to define the workforce. The entire labor force is consists of individuals from 16 years old and below retirement age who are actively looking for a job or employed. On the other hand, unemployed are those who are in the age bracket who are looking for a job in the past four weeks or those who had been laid-off (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2008). During the past month, unemployment have declined by .3% meaning that there are less people who are looking for a job. The decline in unemployment undoubtedly means increase in the employment rate. When the number of people looking for a job declines, it often means that it is much harder to find individuals who will fill up the positions in our offices. In order for us to be able to gain applicants, I strongly suggest that we review our benefits and compensation packages in order for use to attract the best potential employees. Rising monetary rewards can be enticing to applicants. However, we should also take note of non-monetary compensation like recognition, work environment, and communication processes which are also considered by individuals who are looking for a job. Employment Cost Index indicates the rise of fall of the cost of employment in the economy. This is a highly watched economic variable as it typically gives business organizations an idea of how they should tailor their employees' salaries and other paid benefits according to how the whole economy is behaving (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2008). The government reports that the ECI increases by .8% from March to April thus representing an increase in employment cost. It means that generally, employers are paying their employees .8% higher monthly or 9.6% annually. In order to keep up with this development, our company should also increase our employees' compensation together with other paid benefits in order to reduce the risk of employee turnover. This often happens when employees are not well compensated and there are opportunities in the market which offers them more benefits. However, this will affecting our bottom line as it will irrefutably increase expenditures that we shoulder. Thus, it is recommended that we also increase the price of our products and services in order to maintain our profitability. Productivity refers to the resources generated by the company's resources, per unit of input. A business

The Root Causes Of Terrorism

The Root Causes Of Terrorism Few events in history shape the way societies react to future anomalies, one such being, the attack on the Twin Towers in 2001.With this event followed a flurry of discussions on Terrorism in media, academia circles, and several other forums. The spill over effect was felt all across the globe in form of pre-emptive coercive military and diplomatic intervention by the super powers in states like Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan. But with rising number of losses, both human and pecuniary, suffered by the society on the whole; is this strategy of intimidation coupled with aid addressing the root cause of the problem? Terrorism is one of the gravest challenges faced by the world today. Vast monetary resources in form of military as well as developmental aid have been diverted to counter this menace. In spite of the ostentatious expenditures sustained by the world community, have we been successful so far in quelling this threat? Leaders and academicians from wide spectrum of disciplines have been advocating for addressing the root causes of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, the question looming over this entire debate is what are the root causes of Terrorism? One of the key linkages of terrorism identified by the political ranks, especially after the 9-11 attacks was, terrorism and other forms of political violence are a product of economic and socio-political factors. US-President Bush (2002) argued that there is a vicious circle of political disenfranchisement, state failure and terror, saying that because [] persistent poverty and oppression can lead to hopelessness and despair [] these failed states can become havens for terror. Similarly, then-UK Prime Minister Blair (2004) argued: [] poverty and instability leads to weak states, which can become havens for terrorists []. (Krieger and Meierrieks 2010). The remarks discussed above open a new-fangled and a broader approach to addressing the problem. Terrorism is admittedly a very complex social phenomenon. It is the outcome of a set of quantitative as well as qualitative factors, which function at various levels of causation and where some of the factors are directly observable while others are latent (Drakos and Gofas April 2006). Although terrorism is a presumably multifaceted and multi-casual phenomenon lying between the nexus of war and peace, scholarly research on the causes of terrorism has all but escaped rigorous empirical analysis (OBrien June 1996) .Nevertheless, in this contribution I attempt to identify the plausible reasons for the emergence of terrorism. The study exposits the economic, social, and political factors which are considered to be the main causes of manifestation of terrorism based on the existing literature and widely held perceptions. I explore the empirical validity of the causes of terrorism using econometric methods and seek to establish results which could be used in formulating effective counter terrorism strategies. The Dissertation is divided into 4 sections. I first discuss the theoretical foundations of my work and then in the subsequent section move on to discussing the existing literature on this issue. The main focus of Section 3 is to show if there exists a relationship (even though casual) linking terrorism with economic, social and political conditions in various regions across the globe. In order to capture this relationship I estimate a panel regression for 109 countries from 1971 to 2005. Section 4 involves a detailed discussion of the problems associated with the estimated procedures and how results could have been affected by them. Lastly I conclude by summarizing my main findings and provide recommendations based on the empirical findings using the panel regressions Theoretical Foundation There are myriad circumstances capable of giving rise to terrorism. Terrorists exist in developed as well as less developed countries; in former colonial states and in independent ones; in democratic and in non democratic states and so on. This implies that one needs to incorporate a number of diverse conditions while trying to develop an understanding of Terrorism. This makes it difficult to arrive at any form of generalisation (Lia and Skjà ¸lberg 2000). In spite of this complexity, the causes of terrorism can be broadly explained by the following approaches1 -: Psychological Societal Geopolitical The Psychological approach focuses on the individual or a group of individuals decision to become a terrorist or join the terrorist group or sympathise with the ideology. Psycho-pathological and Psycho-sociological are two important approaches that fall under the psychological approach. The former treats an individual terrorist in isolation and accepts violent behaviour as a deviant characteristic. Such an advancement has been criticized not only for divesting terrorism completely from socio-economic and political setting, but also on empirical grounds (Lia and Skjà ¸lberg 2000).Authors such as Wintrobe (2006), Frey and Luchinger (2004) while criticizing the psycho-pathological approach argue that terrorists are indeed rational beings and operate on the basis of a cost-benefit principle. The Psycho-sociological approach on the other hand relates psychological factors and the societal environment [Wilkinson, Paul 1990]. Several others, such as Crenshaw (1990), Stedman (1997) also arg ue in favour of combining psychological and environmental factors on various stratums to arrive at any comprehensive theory of the causes of terrorism. Under the above mentioned framework theories such as the relative deprivation theory [Piazza, A James (2004)], Contagion theory [Weimann and Brouiss (1988)] are the most widely used premise to explain the phenomenon of terrorism. The relative deprivation1 theory emphasizes deprivation in form of poverty, health, life expectancy and etc as major causes of terrorism. The contagion theory on the other hand considers terrorism to be duration dependant i.e. terrorism being far from random (Lia and Skjà ¸lberg 2000); There exists voluminous empirical evidence suggesting the relevance of the contagion theory1. Societal approach lays emphasis on the historical and present social, cultural, economical, political, in short overall environmental development of any given region. Under the societal approach, factors such as modernization, globalization, urbanization, economic development, state legitimacy, politics etc are assumed to be primary in explaining terrorism [Crenshaw 1990a, 1995]. Critics of the societal approach often argue that the relationship between terrorism and the factors treated under the societal approach are at best casual. Lastly the geo-political approach essentially relates to International Terrorism. This approach considers factors such as state sponsorship of terrorism, hegemony and weak and collapsed state as major causes of terrorism. Works of Volgy et al., Guelke, have pioneered in using the geo political approach to explain the phenomenon of terrorism. The opportunity cost model is one of the extensively used models in economics to analyse the causes of terrorism. In this work I use the same microeconomic opportunity cost model presented by Freytag Kruger and Schneider (2008), Anderton, Charles H; Carter, John R (2004)]. As I will show in discussions to follow, that such a treatment is indeed capable of encompassing the theories explained by the various approaches discussed above, hence making it ideal for usage in my analysis. Also, while formulating policies for counter terrorism strategies the usage of opportunity cost model assumes even a greater level of importance [Bruno S. Frey and Simon Luechinger (2003)] The traditional microeconomic framework looks at the decision making calculus and goals of an individual terrorist, as well as a group of terrorists and their sympathisers. One of the basic assumptions of this framework is that terrorist or the terrorist organizations are rational decision makers (essentially adhering to the rational choice model1) who have preferences over terrorism as well as ordinary activities [Anderton, Charles H; Carter, John R (2004)]. Incentives for an individual terrorist differ from that of the leaders who organize the terror. The opportunity costs of a leader of the terrorist organization are not measurable directly; violence for them is just a means to an end (Harrison, 2006).Thus their opportunity costs are reflected in their ability to use violence. Since the ability to use violence depends on the involved economic costs which inturn depends on the environment, hence we can conclude that the societal environment indirectly reflect the opportunity cost f acing a leader. On the contrary, for an individual terrorist, incentives could be the solidarity that the group provides or the economic rewards that the he or she may be able to reap from terrorism or otherwise .His or hers opportunity cost in fact would be directly reflected in the societal environment. How an individual decision making dilemma can have an implication for the various subgroups on the whole is as follows. For any organization to survive, it is the preferences of their recruits or the volunteers that matter the most since they are being directly affected by their own actions as against the leader. Hence by analysing the individual choice problem we are in a way capturing the choices faced by the various sub-groups on the whole. Given this I focus on an individual faced with 2 choices either to become a terrorist or consume material rewards. I assume that there exists a set of rewards (mental) that an individual can gain from committing an act of terror or sympathising with the cause. On the other hand an individual by not becoming a terrorist can reap the benefits of employing his energies in other productive activities. I represent this in the figure shown below. The decision to become a terrorist or not depends on the shape of the utility curve. A high preference for terrorism would imply greater their willingness to some material rewards to achieve an increment to mental rewards; they would have steep indifference curves in the utility space. Non-terrorists receive no utility or even disutility from terrorism, so their indifferences curves would be flat or upward sloping. The shape of the utility curve determines the strength of the substitution and the income effect. For any terrorist the utility maximization problem can be written down in the following manner: Argmax. (T, O) U (1) Subject to R = Pt T + Po O (Budget Line) 1(eyerman) (2) Where R denotes the total resources; Pt and Po denote the respective prices of terrorism1 (terrorism as a public good and its pricing) and composite good respectively; T denotes the quantity of terrorism and O denotes the quantity of composite good. In fig 1 for any individual the utility is maximized at point A. Now suppose that the GDP, democracy or education etc increase. This increases the material wealth available to the person there by increasing the opportunity cost of terrorist activities. The budget line pivots around the point D and the new budget constraint is DF with the new equilibrium level being at point C. Similarly, when opportunity cost of terrorist activities fall, the budget constraint becomes flatter (shown by DG) and this over all increases the preferences for mental rewards otherwise Terrorism. The corner solution given by point D shows the maximum level of utility that a person can achieve by committing a terrorist attack. As noted by [Kruger et al (2008)] this is the point at which an individual chooses to commit suicide bombing. Mental Rewards Source: The origins of terrorism One can also represent this choice problem using an inter-temporal budget constraint. Assuming that the terrorists have a two-period horizon and must choose between terrorist activities today (T0) and tomorrow (T1) based on resources today (R0) and tomorrow (R1), the inter-temporal budget constraint1 [Walter Enders* Todd Sandler 2002] is given by: T1 = R1 + (1+ r) (R0- T0), Where r is the interest rate. (3) In the above equation tomorrows terrorism equals tomorrows resource endowment plus the earnings on savings from the initial period. The inter-temporal budget constraint framework can be used to explain the contagion effects via effects such as the inter-temporal substitution effects. Hence any shift or a tilt in the budget line DE would either raise or lower the opportunity cost of terrorism. The changes in the budget line are due to changes in the economic, social or political factors, and other factors which fall under the various approaches discussed in the first paragraph of this section. One can also restate the above mechanism in the following way, the utility that an individual derives from being peaceful or being violent depends upon the environment that the individual functions in. This is because the opportunity costs for being violent or peaceful facing an individual depend on macro variables affecting the settings that he or she operates under. These macro variables as we have seen can be either country specific or globally universal. This essentially gives us a new equation for the utility of the form (4) Where is a vector of macro variables that affect the opportunity cost of an individual; represents the vector of coefficients which suggest the magnitude and the direction of the relationship that each macro variable shares with the utility that an individual attains from being either peaceful or violent; is the error term in the equation depicting the other factors which may effect the utility. As seen earlier, factors identified by the theories listed above such as poverty, globalization, geopolitical-setting, urbanization etc. can be used to explain the phenomenon of terrorism by using the traditional framework of opportunity cost Thus the challenge lies in identifying the key macro variables which affect the opportunity cost. But before moving on to empirically testing the relevance of the macro variables effecting terrorism, I now review the existing literature in the subsequent section. Existing Literature one mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter problem (Jenkins 1982; Hoffman 1998).

Collaboration and Innovation at Procter & Gamble Case Study

Collaboration and Innovation at Procter & Gamble CASE STUDY 1. What is Procter & Gamble’s business strategy? What is the relationship of collaboration and innovation to that business strategy? i. Proctor and Gamble’s business strategy focuses on three main areas. This is to maintain the popular the popularity of its existing brands through advertising and marketing; the extension of its brand to related products by developing new products and the creation of new brands from scratch.To achieve these, the company aims to facilitate collaboration between researchers, marketers and managers. ii. By fostering interaction among employees P&G fosters informed decision making and the sharing of ideas and information which ultimately leads the company to produce quality products. 2. How is P&G using collaboration systems to execute its business model and business strategy? List and describe the collaboration systems and technologies it is using and the benefits of each i.P&G res earchers use collaborative tools to share data on various brands they have collected which allows marketers to access this data to create better targeted ad campaigns and likewise managers access data shared t be able to make informed decisions. ii. – P&G use a suite of Microsoft products such as MS Outlook, MS SharePoint and others that have unified communication and integrate services through voice and data transmissions and allow for instant messaging, email and electronic conferences, web conferencing with live meeting, and content management. P&G use social networking innovations -P&G uses blogs instead of emails that are open to anyone interested in their content and attract comments from others. – The company uses Connect beam which is a search tool that allows employees to share bookmarks and tag content with descriptive words that appear in future searches, and facilitates social networks of coworkers to help them find and share information more effectively â €“ It also uses InnovationNet which contains over 5 million research-related documents in digital format accessible through a browser-based portal. P&G have also adopted Cisco Telepresence conference rooms across the globe that allows researchers to communicate and share data. Some benefits of the Cisco Telepresence include the reduction of travel cost, efficient flow of ideas and quick decision making. 3. Why were some collaborative technologies slow to catch on at P&G? Some collaborative tools were slow for P&G because employees resisted to the collaborative tool because in their opinion that would create more work and delays.Employees were more accustomed to emails 4. Compare P&G’s old and new processes for writing up and distributing the results of a research experiment. Researchers under the old process wrote up their experiments using MS Office tools then print them out and glue the papers page by page into notebooks or they would simply paste results of experiments into word documents and pass them out. Also data and speech recordings are entered into MS PowerPoint and emailed to employees.In the new method however, employees use a collaborative tool such as InnovationNet which contains over 5 million research- related documents in digital format accessible to employees via a browser-based portal. Also P&G uses a Microsoft SharePoint page where all presentations are posted. These presentations are stored in a single location and accessible to employees and colleagues in other parts of the company. 5. Why is telepresence such a useful collaborative tool for a company like P&G?Telepresence is a useful collaborative tool for P&G because it helps to foster collaboration between employees across continents and leads to reduction in travel cost, efficient flow of ideas and quick decision making. 6. Can you think of other ways P&G could use collaboration to foster innovation? Proctor and Gamble could use virtual world technology which creates online 3-D environments populated by employees who have in-built graphical representations of themselves known as avatars.P&G can use this virtual world to house online meetings, training sessions, and â€Å"lounges. † Real-world people represented by avatars meet, interact, and exchange ideas at these virtual locations. Communication takes place in the form of text messages similar to instant messages. P&G could also use Google Apps or Google Sites which is a collaborative that allows users to quickly create online, group-editable web sites in minutes and post a variety of files including calendars, text, spreadsheets, and videos for private, group, or public viewing and editing.Also Google a software such as called Google Wave which is part conversation and part document can be used as a collaborative tool. Researchers or any participant of a wave can reply anywhere in the message, edit the content, and add or remove participants at any point in the process. Users are able to see responses from other participants on their â€Å"wave† while typing occur, accelerating the pace of discussion.

The History of The Wanderer Essay Topics Refuted

The History of The Wanderer Essay Topics Refuted Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpler. Obviously, the area of business is quite wide. Writing about nuclear weapons is always a great idea. Even if a particular research paper topic is getting plenty of buzz at this time or other folks seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic if you don't genuinely have some type of interest in it also. The Hidden Gem of the Wanderer Essay Topics The thesis gives you a guideline about how to go about with writing the essay. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is merely a form essay. Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. In open-ended essay assignments, selecting an essay topic gets crucial to the total success of the bit of writing. Whatever college essay topic you select or are assigned, the secret is to compose a very good stand-out essay. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. Whatever They Told You About the Wanderer Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why The very best thing is to decide on a topic that will provide you with an opportunity to present new ideas or a fresh perspective on a problem. Deciding upon a topic is a critical issue that partly estimates final success of the job. Write about a problem you have or wish to address. Don't neglect to explain why the challenge is valuable to you! Who Else Wants to Learn About the Wanderer Essay Topics? Ensure you make a comprehensive interpretation of each process in the most fascinating way so to capture the interest of your reader. It's possible to also restate the ideas which you've discussed in the body parag raphs in order to make your point valid. The goal isn't just to inform but to present personal reflection and philosophies throughout the story-telling too. Colleges want a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. the Wanderer Essay Topics The primary aim of topic choice for a proposal essay is to show the idea can be put into place in practice. Seek advice from your teacher if you happen to have any questions about this issue you have decided on. Obviously, you can pick any topic, nobody could ever know that you're describing experience that you never actually had, but don't forget that it is always simpler to tell the truth than to invent lies. Well, the response isn't too obvious here. The Truth About the Wanderer Essay Topics Remember your essay is about solving problems, thus a solution ought to be a highlight of the essay. The introduction should offer general information which will be included in the report. Always offer you concrete solution and expound to your reader why it's the optimal solution. Your reader ought to know that your solution isn't just the best from any other solution. however, it is affordable, feasible etc.. The Dirty Truth on the Wanderer Essay Topics You are able to just write about your extracurricular pursuits. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. For instance, a sociology professor may supply an overall topic like the effects of poverty in urban environments. One particular important and appropriate subject is technology. The War Against the Wanderer Essay Topics It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points that you may counter to your own points. A proposal essay is extremely easy to comprehend. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. A paper is always simpler to write if you're interested in this issue, and you'll be more motivated to do in-depth research and compose a paper that genuinely covers the whole subject. Below are the three most important aspects to consider to guarantee you select the very best research paper topics. Not all research paper topics are made equal, and you would like to be sure you pick an excellent topic before you commence writing. Before you commence writing a single word of your paper, you first will need to understand what your thesis will be. The Battle Over the Wanderer Essay Topics and How to Win It So you don't actually wish to obtain a topic! Try out another topic and do the exact 5-minute writing test till you locate a topic you know you can readily write on. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get w ell prepared to research it. The only rule to follow when picking a topic for your college essay is to select the topic you're eager to write about. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Before studying the top rated informative essay topics, it's important to ask what makes an excellent topic. Selecting the most suitable topic for a persuasive speech may be not such an easy matter to do as it might seem. Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to accomplish in your essay, there are many categories essay themes may be broken into. 1 important thing you ought to do when writing your essay is to ensure it is personal. So without further ado, below are some effective writing tips to produce your common app essay stick out! In general, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. The War Against the Wanderer Essay Topics The success of a research paper mostly is dependent upon the topic, which is why a number of time is spent searching for the correct research paper topics for college students. Very often it becomes tough to choose 1 topic either due to the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. Argue that public higher education has to be free for everybody. F. Bacon The main intention of the capital isn't to get as much money as possible, yet to guarantee that money results in a better life.

Pablo Neruda - 2632 Words

Verb I’m going to wrinkle this word, I’m going to twist it, yes, it is much too flat it is as if a great dog or great river had passed its tongue or water over it during many years. I want that in the word the roughness is seen the iron salt The de-fanged strength of the land, the blood of those who have spoken and those who have not spoken. I want to see the thirst Inside the syllables I want to touch the fire in the sound: I want to feel the darkness of the cry. I want words as rough as virgin rocks. Verb I’m going to wrinkle this word, I’m going to twist it, yes, it is much too flat it is as if a great dog or great river had passed its tongue or water over it during many years. I want†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the journalist could have written, â€Å"An officer killed a man in the line of duty. The black man was instigating a group against the officer putting his physical well being at risk.† In both cases, the journalist accomplished his objective of informing the readers. However, the context and the form have been changed dramatically influencing the audience in a very different way. In the poem â€Å"Verb,† the author’s pleading is to not disguise the reality, for horrific it could be, but with pretty, condescending, and soft words. Consider the following stanza: It’s too smooth, As if the tongue Of a big dog or a big river’s water Had washed it For years and years. Have you ever seen how a dog’s tongue smoothes out a bone? Once the bone loses shape and hardness, the dog loses interest in the bone. Have you ever seen a stone in the river? Through years the stone becomes flat, soft, even beautiful in its smoothness, but at the same time it loses its roughness, which is one of the main characteristics of the stone. This is what Neruda is suggesting about language. Neruda uses figurative language to denounce the fault of smoothing out words and by doing this he delivers a message that without strength, roughness, and intensity words aren’t as powerful or truthful. For this reason, the poem finishes as, â€Å"I want rough words / like virginal stones† (22-23). This means words, like stones beforeShow MoreRelatedBiography of Pablo Neruda Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesPablo Neruda Pablo Neruda was a poet who used his work to educate people on what life was really about, and that choice made him a controversial figure in South America. Like every author he did face criticism, but his wasn’t negative. He was a great political figure, and many people looked up to him for wisdom. BIOGRAPHY Nefali Ricardo Reyes Bausualto was born on July 12, 1904 in Parral, Chile. Less than a month after his birth, his mother Rosa lost her long battle with Tuberculosis and diedRead MorePablo Neruda and Love962 Words   |  4 Pagesbut to Neruda it is a whole different animal. 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In nearly all of his works, Neruda attests to the simplicity, valor, and importance of love, whether for country, common things, or another human being. Throughout South America, he was known as un poeta del pueblo, a poet of the people, and his talent for composing such passionateRead MoreThe Word By pablo Neruda985 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage. What do these suggest about the human need to communicate through narrative? A Personal/Analytical Response using the text â€Å"The Word† by Pablo Neruda Born to Speak Since the age of Adam and Eve, humans have had a natural instinct to communicate and this is part of what sets us apart from other species. In the poem The Word, by Pablo Neruda, the author personifies the word by stating how it’s â€Å"born in the blood† and that it â€Å"grew in the dark body†. This leaves the reader with the impression